{"id":197,"date":"2018-02-12T19:00:06","date_gmt":"2018-02-12T18:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fabinv.de\/?p=197"},"modified":"2019-08-30T13:42:23","modified_gmt":"2019-08-30T11:42:23","slug":"install-fhem-mqtt-module","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nerdiy.de\/nl\/install-fhem-mqtt-module\/","title":{"rendered":"HowTo: Installeer FHEM - MQTT-module"},"content":{"rendered":"

In het artikel RaspberryPi - MQTT-server installeren op de RaspberryPi<\/a><\/strong><\/em>\u00a0Ik heb wat geschreven over MQTT en uitgelegd hoe je je eigen MQTT-server op de RaspberryPi kunt installeren.<\/p>\n

Om een MQTT server van FHEM te kunnen gebruiken, moet je een paar FHEM modules installeren. In het volgende artikel heb ik beschreven hoe je dit doet en waar je op moet letten.<\/p>\n

\n

Overzicht<\/h2>\n

Voordat u kunt beginnen met het installeren van de MQTT-module, moet u de Raspberry Pi zo hebben voorbereid dat FHEM erop kan worden ge\u00efnstalleerd en via het webmenu kan worden geconfigureerd.
\nIn de volgende drie artikelen wordt beschreven wat er moet gebeuren om de RaspberryPi voor te bereiden:
\nRaspberryPi \u2013 setup voor nerds!<\/a><\/strong><\/em>
\nRaspberryPI - De eerste configuratie!
\n<\/a>RaspberryPi \u2013 Bedien de RaspberryPi via SSH<\/a>
\n<\/a><\/strong><\/em>FHEM \u2013 Installatie op de RaspberryPi<\/strong><\/em><\/a>
\nRaspberryPi - MQTT-server installeren op de RaspberryPi<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Vereist gereedschap:
\n<\/strong>-Nee-
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Benodigd materiaal:<\/strong><\/p>\n

In de volgende lijst vindt u alle onderdelen die u nodig heeft om dit artikel te implementeren.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n <\/colgroup>\n <\/table>\n \n \n \n<\/div>\n\n
\n

Log in op de RaspberryPi via SSH<\/h2>\r\n

Om te beginnen moet je eerst inloggen op de Rasp Pi met Putty via SSH. Hoe je dit doet staat in het artikel RaspberryPi - Bedien de RaspberryPi via SSH<\/strong><\/em><\/a> beschreven.<\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/a>
Na het invoeren van uw gebruikersnaam en wachtwoord kunt u de eerste opdrachten invoeren.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n

Pakketbeheer updaten<\/h2>\r\n

Het pakketbeheer in Linux is een "centrale plek" van waaruit verschillende softwarepakketten kunnen worden ge\u00efnstalleerd. Om dit betrouwbaar te laten werken, moeten de lijsten en bronnen van het pakketbeheer worden bijgewerkt voor elke installatie van nieuwe pakketten.<\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/a>
Om de update van het pakketbeheer te starten, moet u de volgende opdracht invoeren.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade<\/pre>\r\n
\"\"<\/a>
Afhankelijk van hoe lang geleden uw laatste update van het pakketbeheer was, kan dit proces nu even duren. De lijsten die naar de afzonderlijke pakketbronnen verwijzen, worden eerst bijgewerkt.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n
\"\"<\/a>
Daarna worden de pakketten zelf bijgewerkt. Aangezien extra geheugen bezet is, wordt u opnieuw om uw toestemming gevraagd. Je moet dit bevestigen met een "J" en "Enter".<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n
\"\"<\/a>
Zodra de update is voltooid, ziet u een korte samenvatting van de duur en omvang van de update.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n
Installeer Perl MQTT-pakketten<\/h2>\n
Om FHEM te laten communiceren met de MQTT-server, moeten twee Perl-pakketten worden ge\u00efnstalleerd.
\nOm dit te doen, moet je inloggen op de RasPi met Putty en de volgende commando's invoeren:<\/p>\n
sudo cpan install Net::MQTT:Eenvoudig sudo cpan install Net::MQTT:Constanten<\/pre>\n
De vraag \"Wilt u zoveel mogelijk automatisch configureren? [ja]\" bevestig je met \"ja\" en Enter.<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a>
De installatie van de twee pakketten kostte me ongeveer vijf minuten. Dat is genoeg tijd om een nieuwe koffie te halen \ud83d\ude42 .<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n
Start FHEM opnieuw<\/h2>\n
Om ervoor te zorgen dat de nieuw ge\u00efnstalleerde pakketten door FHEM worden herkend, moet FHEM \u00e9\u00e9n keer opnieuw worden opgestart. Om dit te doen, moet u de volgende twee opdrachten achter elkaar invoeren. Hierdoor wordt de server eerst gestopt en vervolgens opnieuw gestart. Verdere informatie over stoppen en starten vindt u ook in het artikel FHEM \u2013 structuur, modules en nuttige informatie<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n
sudo \/etc\/init.d\/fhem stop sudo \/etc\/init.d\/fhem start<\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
\n
Definieer MQTT-clients<\/h2>\n
Om gegevens via FHEM MQTT te kunnen verzenden en ontvangen, moet FHEM zich als client bij de MQTT-server registreren. U hoeft deze client slechts \u00e9\u00e9n keer aan te maken. Alle in FHEM geregistreerde sensoren of actuatoren worden later via deze client van gegevens voorzien of kunnen hun gegevens via deze client versturen.<\/p>\n
Om de MQTT-client in FHEM te registreren, moet u overschakelen naar de FHEM-webinterface.
\nBovenaan bevindt zich een invoerveld waarin we de definitie van de MQTT-client kunnen invoeren.<\/p>\n
De definitie is (bijvoorbeeld):<\/p>\n
definieer mqttClient MQTT 127.0.0.1:1883<\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
De opdracht heeft de MQTT-client in FHEM gemaakt. Maar deze kan niet veel.<\/p>\n
\n
Om de functie te testen, maken we een MQTT_DEVICE. Deze module kan worden gebruikt om u te abonneren op MQTT-onderwerpen in FHEM en ook om gegevens te publiceren.<\/p>\n
De definitie van onze kleine testmodule is:<\/p>\n
definieer mqttTest MQTT_DEVICE; attr mqttTest abonnerenReading_testTopic testTopic; attr mqttTest publishSet_testTopic testTopic;<\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Deze vul je weer in in het tekstveld op de webconfiguratiepagina van FHEM.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
Nach der Definition des Test-Moduls werdet ihr nicht direkt auf dessen Konfigurationsseite weitergeleitet. Ihr findet es im „Raum“ \u201eUnsorted\u201c und dann unter \u201emqttTest\u201c.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
De configuratiepagina van de module die u zojuist hebt gedefinieerd.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n
Verstuur een testbericht en controleer de ontvangst<\/h2>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Om een testbericht te verzenden en te ontvangen, moet u naar de configuratiepagina van de gedefinieerde module gaan. Daar typt u de gewenste tekst in het rood omcirkelde tekstveld.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
Deze tekst kunt u vervolgens versturen door op \u201cinstellen\u201d te klikken. Deze wordt vervolgens via MQTT naar de MQTT-server gestuurd met als onderwerp \u201ctestTopic\u201d.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
Da wir bei der Definition des Moduls das Topic \u201etestTopic\u201c aber auch abonniert haben, bekommen wir direkt in diesem Augenblick ein Update auf dieses Reading „testTopic“. Der von uns abgesendete Text wurde also wieder empfangen. Die Konfiguration in FHEM funktioniert also. \ud83d\ude42<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n
U hebt nu uw FHEM-installatie geschikt gemaakt voor MQTT.<\/p>\n
Veel plezier met het project<\/h2>\r\n
Ik hoop dat alles werkte zoals beschreven. Zo niet, of als je vragen of suggesties hebt, laat het me weten in de commentaren. Ik zal dit dan zo nodig aan het artikel toevoegen.
Idee\u00ebn voor nieuwe projecten zijn altijd welkom. \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\r\n
PS Veel van deze projecten - vooral de hardwareprojecten - kosten veel tijd en geld. Natuurlijk doe ik dit omdat ik het leuk vind, maar als je het cool vindt dat ik de informatie met je deel, dan zou ik blij zijn met een kleine donatie aan het koffiefonds. \ud83d\ude42<\/strong><\/p>\r\n
\"Koop<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0   \"\"<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
In het artikel RaspberryPi \u2013 Installeer MQTT-server op de RaspberryPi, schreef ik iets over MQTT en legde ik uit hoe je je eigen MQTT-server op de RaspberryPi installeert. Met het [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":282,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[149,57,61],"tags":[33,35,42,25,47,51],"class_list":["post-197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abendprojekt2h","category-fhem","category-smarthome","tag-automatisierung","tag-fhem","tag-mqtt","tag-raspberrypi","tag-raspi","tag-smarthome"],"yoast_head":"\nHowTo: FHEM \u2013 MQTT Modul installieren - 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