One of the weak points of a SmartHome system that you only really become aware of when something goes wrong is "energy". Unfortunately, all the sensors, actuators and the controlling intelligence behind them don't run on air and love. And even if the energy used by the system is not very high and the general savings are certainly higher than the "consumed" energy, the supply energy is essential. In other words: no electricity -> no SmartHome.
But that's a luxury problem that I could live with for the time being. What I find much worse is the thought that my RaspberryPi, or any computer in general, could be swallowed up by a sudden power failure in such a way that it might no longer boot up afterwards.
If your SmartHome system (RaspberryPi, BeagleBone, Windows PC, etc.) is interrupted just at the moment when it is writing important (system) data, it is possible that it will no longer boot up properly after the power supply is restored. In extreme cases, this can lead to a painful loss of data and often to a considerable loss of time. In extreme cases, there is no backup of the system and the entire system, including all system components, has to be reinstalled and reconfigured.
However, it seems that other people have also encountered this problem. Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) were invented for this case. These devices are connected between the socket and the load (in this case your RaspberryPi, etc.) and from then on continuously monitor the quality of your mains voltage. In other words, they continuously monitor whether the incoming AC voltage and frequency are within the permitted range. If an undervoltage or overvoltage occurs, or if something else is wrong with the supply voltage, the UPS switches off the voltage input within milliseconds and switches to an internal buffer battery. This then takes over the supply to the connected loads until the buffer battery is empty.
UPSs are now available in all kinds of forms. The smallest ones look like somewhat clunky multiple sockets. Others - or rather their batteries - can fill an entire room.
For the normal SmartHome user, the smaller versions will certainly suffice. Like for example ...
This article explains how you can integrate your own UPS into NodeRed and react to changes.
Safety instructions
I know the following notes are always kind of annoying and seem unnecessary. Unfortunately, many people who knew "better" have lost eyes, fingers or other things due to carelessness or injured themselves. Data loss is almost negligible in comparison, but even these can be really annoying. Therefore, please take five minutes to read the safety instructions. Because even the coolest project is not worth injury or other trouble.
https://www.nerdiy.de/sicherheitshinweise/
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Requirements
Helpful articles:
So that you can control/configure your UPS via your RaspberryPi and NodeRed, it should of course be prepared so that NodeRed runs on it and you can access it via SSH.
RaspberryPi – setup for nerdiys!
RaspberryPi – The first configuration!
RaspberryPi – Control the RaspberryPi via SSH
NodeRed – Installing NodeRed on the RaspberryPi
NodeRed - import and export node code
NodeRed - Send pushbullet messages for events
NodeRed - Create a user interface with dashboard nodes
Required material:
In the following list you will find all the parts you need to implement this article.
Reading out a UPS connected to the RaspberryPi
The disadvantage of an uninterruptible power supply is that the RaspberryPi does not notice anything as soon as something is not (or no longer) right with the power supply. This is actually what is desired. On the other hand, the RaspberryPi cannot react to this change.
Even if the battery of a UPS is quite large compared to the consumption of a RaspberryPi, the battery capacity is finite. For this reason, the RaspberryPi should shut down automatically before the battery is fully depleted. This minimizes the risk of data loss and allows a controlled response to the power failure.
The UPS must be connected to the RasperryPi via a USB or serial connection so that the RasperryPi can be informed about changes.
For the RaspberryPi there is the program "Apcupsd", which allows you to read the status of your UPS. You can then also use this status to react to it via NodeRed.
For example, it would also be possible to switch off certain components or shut down other RaspberryPi's - if they have not already failed due to the power failure.
However, before you can read out the status of your UPS in NodeRed, "apcupsd" must first be installed.
Log in to the RaspberryPi via SSH
To start, you must first log in to the Rasp Pi with Putty via SSH. How to do this is in the article RaspberryPi - Control the RaspberryPi via SSH described.
Update package management
The package management in Linux is a "central place" through which various software packages can be installed. In order for this to work reliably, the lists and sources of the package management should be updated before each installation of new packages.
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
Install "apcupsd" on the RaspberryPi
To enable your RaspberryPi to communicate with the connected UPS, you must first install a few packages.
sudo apt-get install apcupsd
Configure Apcupsd
Before you can use "apcupsd", it must of course first be configured. To do this, a few configuration files need to be edited.
sudo nano /etc/apcupsd/apcupsd.conf
UPSCABLE usb
UPSTYPE usb
sudo nano /etc/default/apcupsd
sudo /etc/init.d/apcupsd start
apcaccess status
sudo /etc/init.d/apcupsd restart
You now have the option of displaying the UPS information on the RaspberryPi. To use this information for your SmartHome, you can use the following NodeCode.
Import node code
You can use the following NodeCode to display a few details of the current status of your UPS. This allows you to react individually to certain properties.
For example, it would be possible to be notified of a power failure via a pushbullet message or to display the most important data on the dashboard, as in the example below. To ensure that pushbullet messages can be sent in the event of a power failure, you should of course make sure that your entire network infrastructure is also protected by the UPS. However, if the power failure is very extensive, even this will of course no longer help. Therefore, communication via the Internet is of course not guaranteed in the event of a power failure.
How to import NodeCode into your NodeRed configuration is described in the article NodeRed - import and export node code described above. After importing, you may also need to configure the pushbullet node. You can find information on this in the article NodeRed - Send pushbullet messages for events. Dashboard nodes are used to display the UPS data. You can find information about this in the article NodeRed - Create a user interface with dashboard nodes.
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part = newPart
}
let payloadName = part[0].toLowerCase().trim()
let payloadValue = part[1].trim()
ans[payloadName] = payloadValue
return
} )
msg.payload = ans
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return msg;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":790,"y":2000,"wires":[["5f70becf.c02b8"]]},{"id":"4db0abb3.948d94","type":"function","z":"8c9f8f17.13eb78","name":"","func":"if (msg.payload.linev<=100)
{
msg.payload="Power failure: UPS-Mains-voltage below 100V!";
return msg;
}","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":790,"y":2040,"wires":[["f62fd4e0.66c8b8"]]},{"id":"f62fd4e0.66c8b8","type":"pushbullet","z":"8c9f8f17.13eb78","config":"e3daf163.eeb16","pushtype":"note","title":"SmartHome","chan":"","name":"","x":1070,"y":2040,"wires":[]},{"id":"622137c.74419c8","type":"inject","z":"8c9f8f17.13eb78","name":"Test Power failure","topic":"","payload":"60","payloadType":"num","repeat":"","crontab":"","once":false,"onceDelay":0.1,"x":410,"y":2040,"wires":[["4f72d77f.af5ee8"]]},{"id":"4f72d77f.af5ee8","type":"change","z":"8c9f8f17.13eb78","name":"","rules":[{"t":"set","p":"temp","pt":"flow","to":"payload","tot":"msg"},{"t":"delete","p":"payload","pt":"msg"},{"t":"set","p":"payload.linev","pt":"msg","to":"temp","tot":"flow"}],"action":"","property":"","from":"","to":"","reg":false,"x":600,"y":2040,"wires":[["4db0abb3.948d94"]]},{"id":"c8fbbc62.c288a","type":"ui_group","z":"","name":"USV2","tab":"4719e8d9.2a46f8","disp":true,"width":"6","collapse":false},{"id":"e3daf163.eeb16","type":"pushbullet-config","z":"","name":"FabsPushbullet"},{"id":"4719e8d9.2a46f8","type":"ui_tab","z":"","name":"Einstellungen","icon":"dashboard"}]
Reading a UPS connected to a Synology NAS
If you have a Synology NAS or a NAS in general, the issue of data loss is even more important. After all, the family photos (or some of them) shouldn't disappear into data nirvana in the event of a power outage. That's why many manufacturers offer the function of protecting your own NAS from power failures with a UPS. The UPS is then connected to the NAS via USB in order to be able to provide information about a status change. If a power failure occurs, the NAS detects this and shuts down automatically and in a controlled manner. Practical and good for the data stored on the NAS. At the same time, it is impractical that the other network participants do not find out about the situation (except that the power has gone out).
At least the NAS from Synology offer a solution for this: via an integrated network UPS server, other network participants can also record the status of the UPS connected to the NAS. This means you can ultimately record the status on the RaspberryPi and therefore also in NodeRed.
Install the NetworkUpsTools(NUT) on the RaspberryPi to retrieve UPS data from a UPS server
Now that the server has been set up to provide the UPS information, the client side (i.e. your RaspberryPi) must of course also be configured accordingly. This is because it must of course also be able to contact the network UPS server on your NAS. A program that makes this possible is the "NetworkUpsTool", which can be installed as follows.
sudo aptitude install nut
A notice: To install "NUT", you need the "aptitude" extension for the "APT" package manager. This can be installed - if not already present - with the following command.
sudo apt-get install aptitude
Confirm any questions during the installation with a "y" and "Enter". In most cases (as in this example), these questions relate to whether the tools to be installed require additional disk space and whether additional (required) packages may be installed.
sudo nano /etc/nut/nut.conf
mode=netclient
sudo nano /etc/nut/upsmon.conf
MONITOR ups@*IP-ADDRESS-YOUR-NAS* 1 monuser secret slave
sudo service nut-client restart
sudo upsc ups@*IP-ADDRESS-YOUR-NAS*
Import node code
With the following NodeCode you can display a few details of the current status of your UPS connected to your Synology NAS. This means you can react individually to certain characteristics.
For example, it would be possible to be notified of a power failure via a pushbullet message or to display the most important data on the dashboard, as in the example below. To ensure that pushbullet messages can be sent in the event of a power failure, you should of course make sure that your entire network infrastructure is also protected by the UPS. However, if the power failure is very extensive, even this will of course no longer help. Therefore, communication via the Internet is of course not guaranteed in the event of a power failure.
How to import NodeCode into your NodeRed configuration is described in the article NodeRed - import and export node code described above. After importing, you may also need to configure the pushbullet node. You can find information on this in the article NodeRed - Send pushbullet messages for events. Dashboard nodes are used to display the UPS data. You can find information about this in the article NodeRed - Create a user interface with dashboard nodes.
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payloadName = part[0].replace(/\./g, "_")
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msg.payload = convertData
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return msg;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":870,"y":2520,"wires":[["12142ef5.0928f1"]]},{"id":"50224b5b.8a4164","type":"function","z":"8c9f8f17.13eb78","name":"","func":"if (msg.payload.input_voltage<=100)
{
msg.payload="Stromausfall: USV-Eingangsspannung unter 100V!";
return msg;
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Further information
https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/USV/NUT/
https://flows.nodered.org/flow/cf9813fbca341607a73786c31df362c9
http://www.gtkdb.de/index_36_2203.html
Have fun with the project
I hope everything worked as described for you. If not or you have questions or suggestions please let me know in the comments. I will then add this to the article if necessary.
Ideas for new projects are always welcome. 🙂
PS Many of these projects - especially the hardware projects - cost a lot of time and money. Of course I do this because I enjoy it, but if you think it's cool that I share the information with you, I would be happy about a small donation to the coffee fund. 🙂
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